¿Qué es una antena wifi?? Antena de palo wifi & Función de antena incorporada

Una antena Wi-Fi es un componente de un dispositivo Wi-Fi (Como un enrutador o adaptador) que transmite y recibe ondas de radio que transportan datos. Estas ondas permiten que los dispositivos se conecten a una red inalámbrica, habilitando el acceso a Internet. Las antenas pueden ser externas (Como un palo o un panel) o incorporado dentro de un dispositivo.

I. Basic principles and functions
WiFi antennas are core components of wireless communication systems. Their core function is to achieve the mutual conversion between electrical signals and electromagnetic waves, which directly affects the transmission distance, signal stability and anti-interference ability. This principle is based on the propagation law of electromagnetic waves described by Maxwell’s equations, and optimizes signal transmission efficiency through polarization (such as vertical/horizontal polarization).

2.4G Antena de copa de succión Alta potencia alta omnidireccional 30dB de alta ganancia Antena de varilla de cobre

50*9mm High performance 3dBi 2.4G WIFI Built-in PCB antenna RF1.13 cable IPEX/U.FL port

110*10mm WiFi built-in PCB antenna 2.4G/5.8G dual-band antenna

II. Classification and structural characteristics
‌Built-in antenna‌
Mainly used in mobile devices such as mobile phones and laptops, it can be divided into standard type (such as magnetic dielectric antenna) and non-standard type. Entre ellos, standard antennas need to rely on process optimization (such as LTCC technology) due to bandwidth and volume limitations.
‌External antenna‌
Commonly found in wireless routers, it uses a sleeve rod design or a magnetic base to enhance signal reception. Por ejemplo, the ASUS TUF BE9400 router is equipped with 6 external antennas, supporting three bands (2.4GHz/5GHz/6GHz) and WiFi 7’s MLO multi-link operation technology.
Types of Wi-Fi Antennas:
Omnidirectional Antennas:
These antennas broadcast signals in all directions, providing wide coverage within a specific area.

Directional Antennas:
These antennas focus signals in one specific direction, suitable for longer range or point-to-point connections.
USB WiFi Antennas: These antennas connect to a computer’s USB port and provide wireless connectivity. They can be used to improve signal strength or range, especially in areas with poor WiFi reception.
Built-in Antennas: Many devices, including laptops, smartphones, and some routers, have antennas integrated into their design.

Function of Wi-Fi Antennas:
Transmitting:
Wi-Fi antennas convert digital data into radio waves and send them to other devices.
Receiving:
Antennas also capture radio waves from other devices, convert them back into digital data, and make the data available to the connected device.

FPV Antenna 5.8GHz Drone IPEX Antenna

25*22mm 3dBi high gain WIFI built-in PCB antenna

RP SMA male 2.4G glue stick antenna omnidirectional drone, surveillance antenna

III. Core performance parameters ‌Gain and Directivity‌: High-gain directional antennas (such as CPE) are suitable for long-distance coverage, while omnidirectional antennas are suitable for multi-angle transmission; however, an increase in the number of antennas may introduce coupling interference, and it is necessary to balance gain and layout rationality.
‌Band compatibility‌: The frequency bands (such as 2.4G/5G/6GHz) and connector types (such as SMA, TNC) supported by the device must be matched.
‌ Modo de polarización‌: The combination of vertical and horizontal polarization can reduce signal attenuation and improve wall penetration.

IV. Evolution of multi-antenna technology
‌Beamforming‌
By coherently superimposing multi-antenna signals, the signal strength is enhanced in a specific direction (such as increasing the 3dB array gain), but the incoherent loss caused by delay differences must be avoided.
‌Multi-band phased array technology‌
The multi-band antenna solution proposed by Huawei’s patent supports 5G, WiFi and Bluetooth, and can dynamically adapt to different communication standards to improve device compatibility.

Antena de la cámara SMA de pegamento de pegamento interior wifi antena de enrutador de cámara SMA

2.4GHz 5GHz Dual Band WiFi Wireless Router Bluetooth Antenna

RP-TNC interface 5dbi 2.4G wifi router antenna

V. Design Practice Suggestions
‌Antenna Layout‌: It is recommended that external antennas be distributed at an angle of 45°~90°, taking into account both omnidirectional coverage and directional enhancement.
‌Quantity and Coupling Control‌: The number of router antennas needs to be optimized according to the aperture area to avoid blind stacking and performance degradation.

Through the above technological evolution, WiFi antennas are developing in the direction of high frequency bands, low latency, and adaptive multi-scenario. Por ejemplo, the tri-band support of ASUS WiFi 7 routers and Huawei’s multi-standard fusion design are typical representatives.